[Chapel Merge] Simplify CI image build job, use caching

Branch: refs/heads/main
Revision: 478991f96592f4ea46478ac71ad5785165cc1664
Author: arifthpe
Link: Simplify CI image build job, use caching by arifthpe · Pull Request #29291 · chapel-lang/chapel · GitHub
Log Message:
Simplify CI image build job, use caching (#29291)

Slightly simplify the CI image build job's configuration, and enable
caching on it.

[trivial, not reviewed]

Compare: Comparing 33828cca63db63dd3e708c20f0dca916e862bc45...ff0944e31eb37f434d87c1de0b3cddfa08153698 · chapel-lang/chapel · GitHub

Diff:
M .github/workflows/build-CI-container.yml
https://github.com/chapel-lang/chapel/pull/29291.diff