[Chapel Merge] Do image build step upfront with retries in Apptainer testing

Branch: refs/heads/main
Revision: b7a981d5e91e8626692969acc83d0c29a5af839d
Author: arifthpe
Link: Do image build step upfront with retries in Apptainer testing by arifthpe · Pull Request #29268 · chapel-lang/chapel · GitHub
Log Message:
Do image build step upfront with retries in Apptainer testing (#29268)

Since building the image often fails due to network issues in accessing
distro repos, make it a separate step and put it in a retry loop.

Includes supporting Apptainer testing script adjustments to build a
single image, as well as to clean the Chapel checkout between testing
steps without having to re-clone entirely.

Since we were previously rebuilding the image in each of "quickstart"
and "default" configurations, this will avoid an extra image build in
with-llvm configs, even on the happy path where building doesn't need to
be retried.

[reviewed by @jabraham17 , thanks!]

Compare: Comparing 33828cca63db63dd3e708c20f0dca916e862bc45...77eef1c5ecb29fafc87290c0588456ad9d8a010c · chapel-lang/chapel · GitHub

Diff:
M .github/workflows/full-ci-checks.yml
A util/devel/test/portability/apptainer/chapel-clean.sh
D util/devel/test/portability/apptainer/chapel-delete.sh
D util/devel/test/portability/apptainer/image-delete.sh
M util/devel/test/portability/apptainer/image-rebuild.sh
https://github.com/chapel-lang/chapel/pull/29268.diff